2019 Novel Human Coronavirus Sars-Cov-2 And Covid-19: A Brief Review

Life Sciences-Bioinformatics for health care

Abstract

The emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing a highly contagious disease COVID-19 poses a tremendous global public health concern. As the disease is quickly developing into a worldwide pandemic, a careful analysis of  its  origin,  evolution,  transmission,  and  cellular  mechanism  is  urgently  needed  to  combat  the  deadly  virus.  Successful isolation of the 2019-nCoV has promoted some bioinformatic studies to understand the viral origin and the feature of its infectivity.  However,  at this stage, much  remains  unclear  about  the origin  of the novel  virus   and to be investigated  to develop ways to control its spread. The mechanisms associated with the infectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 are not entirely understood. The current knowledge in 2019-nCoV pathogenicity and transmissibility along with several commonly known emerging viruses and information is very much important   for   better control of the disease. So far, the treatment is only supportive.  Any antiviral  agent  is yet to emerge.  The scientific  community  raced to understand  the pathogenesis  of the disease for developing treatment options. Extensive research is going on to understand the host response to the pandemic virus to develop  the disease therapeutic.  To fill the knowledge  gap about the human immune response to SARS-CoV-  2 infections  that  may  help  in  designing  the  appropriate  immune  intervention  for  treatment,  diagnosis,  and prophylactic/therapeutic  vaccines against COVID-19, we present hereby a brief review on the genomic organization, origin, and evolution, transmission   and pathogenesis  of the novel virus, and clinical spectrum and   possible preventive measures against COVID-19 which may be used for future references.