International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research

Synthesis, Characterization, Docking Study and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Pyrimidines

Narendra B Gowda, Nisarga Prakash M, Rachana M L — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Objective: Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of a series of substituted pyrimidines.

Methods: A series of substituted pyrimidines (4a-g) were synthesized from the corresponding chalcones. The chalcones were prepared via Claisen Schimdt condensation between p-Chloroacetophenone and substituted benzaldehyde. These chalcones were then cyclized with thiourea in methanol medium via Michael’s addition to obtain substituted pyrimidines. All pyrimidine derivatives were characterized by IR (Infrared radiation), 1 HNMR (Proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectral studies. Their in-vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the cup-plate method. Molecular docking studies were conducted using PyRx and other computational tools.

Results: Some of the compounds have exhibited promising antimicrobial activities.

Conclusion: According to the activity studies, it is observed that the synthesis and antimicrobial activity of substituted pyrimidines have been shown better activity. Furthermore, the findings from molecular docking offer guidance on how to further modify the lead compound to enhance its inhibitory effectiveness.

Characterization of honey produced in Bosnia and Herzegovina by physicochemical and microbiological assessment with microorganism identification

Azra Bačić, Azra Bašić-Halilović, Nedžad Prazina, Lejla Skrobo, Minela Hukić — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Because of its nutritional and medicinal qualities, honey is a significant dietary supplement that should be safe to consume. Honey samples (n=33) of different origin from various geographical locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina were examined with the aim of characterization. The study revealed following mean values: 16.95 %; 4.36; 0,19%; 72.56%, 0.73 mS/cm; 24.17 mEq/kg; 18.50 mg/kg and 34.84 mEq/kg for water content, pH, ash, sugar, electrical conductivity, diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and free acidity, respectively. Ten samples (30.30%) did not meet the required level of physicochemical quality. For each sample, total viable count, Enterobacteriaceae, sulfite reducing clostridia, yeasts, molds and Salmonella sp., were determined. Total viable counts varied between 10 and 8300 cfu/g, sulfite reducing anaerobic bacteria between 10 and 50 cfu/g and molds level were between 100 and 7000 cfu/g, respectively. None of the samples contained Salmonella sp. or bacteria from Enterobacteriaceae gender. With reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina standards, maximal levels of selected microbiological properties were exceeded for two samples (6.06%) regarding clostridia and 14 samples (42.42%) for molds count. Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., and Alternatia sp. were molds identified in Bosnian honey. These molds originate mainly from primary sources of contamination. It is of great importance to maintain and improve the quality of domestic honeys since a large percentage of them are intended for export or domestic consumption due to it antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Comparative Efficacy of Botanical and Synthetic Insecticides Against Lohita grandis: A Bio-Rational Approach to Pest Management

Priti Saxena — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Lohita grandis, a pest of economic importance, significantly affects agricultural productivity in many regions. This study evaluates the comparative efficacy of botanical and chemical insecticides in controlling L. grandis populations. Laboratory and field trials were conducted using Azadirachtin (neem extract), Piperine (black pepper extract), and synthetic insecticides including Imidacloprid and Cypermethrin. Parameters such as mortality rate, residual activity, and phytotoxicity were analyzed. Results indicate that while synthetic insecticides exhibit high initial mortality, botanical treatments offer sustainable control with minimal environmental impact. The study underscores the potential of integrating botanical pesticides in IPM programs for sustainable agriculture.

- L.fulica Mucins: The Novel Source For The Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy Against Various Pathogenic Bacterial Species

Aishwarya L, Shabana Begum S, Sumaiya Arshi, Kiruthika Panneerselvam — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Lissachatina fulica, the giant African land snail, is one of the most invasive and widely imported land snail species globally. It has been introduced to numerous Asian nations, Pacific and Caribbean islands, and Brazil. L.fulica, secretes mucus to help in crawling and protection because it serves as a lubricant to shield sensitive epithelial body surfaces from various physical and mechanical harms.The mucin that L.fulica releases has attracted attention from all around the world due to its pharmacological similarities to other gastropods. Snail mucins have recently emerged as a treasure mine of new possibilities in the domains of biology, chemistry, biotechnology, and biomedicine. Particular applications for snail mucuses include wound healing, skin care products, surgical glues, and stomach ulcer treatment. Recent advances in integrated omics (genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and glycomic) technology have produced more novel biomaterials due to improved characterization of gastropod mucins.

Today, antimicrobial resistance caused by microorganisms is one of the most grave medical issues impacting virtually all nations. Newer antimicrobial therapies that lessen this resistance need to be created right away. This research emphasizes on the antibacterial activity of mucin against various bacterial species such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhimurium. Therefore, the mucin was extracted by periodically spraying with an acid-stimulating solution i.e., 5% citric acid by diluting with distilled water. The stimulating fluid produced a large amount of mucus without stressing or harming the snail. The antibacterial activity of mucin was detected by using agar disc diffusion method which showed highest zone of Inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with 25mm and agar well diffusion method showed highest zone of Inhibition against Shigella dysenteriae with 16mm amongst other various Bacterial species mentioned above. Using Bradford’s coomassie brilliant blue assay, the protein estimation of mucin was determined. The snail’s internal and external shell was examined in order to isolate the microorganism present there. This work is aimed at assessing the antibacterial activity of mucin against various pathogenic bacteria.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of L-Methylfolate, Pyridoxal-5 Phosphate Andmecobalamin in Pregnancy: A Questionnaire-Based Study

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Background: A balanced diet is essential during pregnancy to support healthy fetal development and prevent adverse outcomes. Due to increased nutritional demands, supplementation with key micronutrients like folic acid, pyridoxine, and mecobalamin is often necessary. Thus, this questionnaire-based study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of these three supplements in pregnant women to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This questionnaire-based study was conducted among 51 physicians treating pregnant women prescribed the Folinext tablet, which contain L-methylfolate, pyridoxal-5 phosphate, and mecobalamin. A self-explanatory questionnaire comprising 17 closed-ended questions. The questionnaire focuses on last 10 pregnant women treated with Folinext tablet.

Results: A total of 51 physicians were included in the study. Out of the 51 physicians, more than half (56.86%) reported treating women with an obstetric history of inability to conceive. The majority of the physicians observed micronutrient deficiency, mainly folic acid, in 6/10 women. Thus, 78% of physicians prescribed the Folinext Gold tablet to all the women preconception and during pregnancy to improve fertility and avoid various complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and pregnancy related hypertension. Also, all the physicians agreed to use a high dose of 5mg/day of folic acid as a supplement in women. More than 70% of the physicians rated the efficacy, safety and patient adherence to the treatment with this tablet as excellent.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the Folinext Gold tablet, containing L-methylfolate, pyridoxal-5 phosphate, and mecobalamin, is highly rated by physicians for its efficacy and safety in improving pregnancy outcomes.

Polyphenols: A Promising Avenue for Diabetes Management

Adib Hussain, Kabirul Islam, Arabinda Nayak — Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pervasive metabolic illness that has a substantial influence on world health and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and an array of consequences. This paper investigates the potential of dietary polyphenols, natural substances in many plant-based foodsas a novel diabetes control strategy. Polyphenols have exceptional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics that can reduce oxidative stress and improve insulin sensitivity, ultimately improving glucose metabolism. The paper explores how polyphenols, including quercetin, resveratrol, and epigallocatechin gallate, promote pancreatic β-cell health and modulate inflammatory pathways. The essay also emphasizes the socioeconomic impact of diabetes, particularly in low and middle-income nations where access to healthcare and nutritional education is limited. By advocating for introducing polyphenol-rich foods into dietary regimens, this article hopes to give a comprehensive approach to diabetes care that addresses metabolic health and improves general well-being. The necessity for additional study into polyphenol absorption, appropriate doses, and long-term benefits is emphasized, opening the path for their use in clinical practice. Finally, this study underscores the importance of dietary treatments in diabetes management and improving health outcomes for those affected.