International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research

GENUS MICRASTERIAS C. AGARDH EX RALFS, 1848 (CHAROPHYTA) – FROM ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

Rajeswara Reddy G — 2026-06-24

As a part of the present thesis work, an extensive survey was conducted across all 28 districts of Andhra Pradesh to study desmid diversity. Algal samples were collected from different freshwater bodies and screened for the occurrence of desmids. Among the various genera identified, the present publication focuses on the genus Micrasterias. A total of seven taxa were identified. Of these, two species, Micrasterias pinnatifida Ralfs and M. foliacea Bailey ex Ralfs. were previously reported from Andhra Pradesh. The remaining five species, namely Micrasterias americana Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, M. crux-melitensis Ralfs, M. mahabuleshwarensis J. Hobson, M. thomasiana W. Archer, and M. tropica Nordstedt are reported here as new distributional records for Andhra Pradesh.

Integrating Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Goat Manure With Brewery Sludge: Promoting Renewable Energy and Improving Organic Waste Solutions

Meseret Desalegn — 2026-06-30

The growing accumulation of organic waste resulting from agricultural and industrial processes poses significant environmental and health challenges, especially in developing nations where sustainable waste management systems are limited. This research explored the feasibility of combining goat manure (GM) with brewery sludge (SB) through anaerobic co-digestion as a sustainable approach for producing renewable biogas and enhancing the value of organic waste. The amount of biogas was calculated using the water displacement method, while physico-chemical parameters, including volatile solids, total solids, total nitrogen, organic carbon, & pH, were analyzed before & after digestion. All indicators showed significant variations between the pre- and post-digestion stages (p < 0.05). Among substrates, 100% goat manure (GM) had the greatest initial pH (7.88), whereas 100% brewery sludge (SB) had the lowest pH (6.78). Maximum decrease in VS (100% SB ) & TS (100% GM ) were found, while the greatest carbon reduction occurred in the 25% SB + 75% GM mixture. After digestion, the amount of organic nitrogen rose, with the highest C/N ratio observed in 100% SB and the lowest in 100% GM. Cumulative biogas yield revealed that the 25% SB + 75% GM mixture produced the highest volume, identifying it as the optimal substrate ratio. The findings suggest that, especially for rural and agro-industrial communities, anaerobic co-digestion of goat manure and brewery sludge provides an affordable and sustainable method for producing clean energy, managing organic waste better, and protecting the environment.

Food and Feeding Habits of Mugil Cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) From the Godavari Estuary, Andhra Pradesh, India

Vasantha Lakshmi M — 2026-06-30

The present study investigated the food and feeding habits of Mugil cephalus collected from the Godavari estuary, Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2021 to evaluate gut content composition, feeding intensity and gastro-somatic index (GSI). A total of 320 specimens were examined to assess monthly variation in food composition and feeding activity. Gut content analysis revealed that algae, diatoms, and vegetative material formed the major dietary components throughout the study period. Algal contribution ranged from 16.14% in January to 82.36% in August, while diatoms showed maximum occurrence in April (42.51%). Vegetative material was highest in January (30.28%) and lower values were observed during subsequent months. Animal origin food items, including fish body parts, fish larvae, crustaceans, and polychaetes, occurred in comparatively lower proportions. Feeding intensity analysis indicated that 1/2 full and 1/4 full stomach conditions constituted the major proportion during most months, with the highest 1/2 full stomach occurrence recorded in December (36.86%) and 1/4 full stomachs in September (46.74%). Pearson’s correlation analysis of gut content composition showed the strongest positive relationship between crustaceans and sand/mud (r = 0.761), whereas algae and vegetative material exhibited the highest negative correlation (r = −0.768). Feeding intensity categories showed the highest positive correlation between 1/4 full stomachs and traces (r = 0.765). Male and female GSI values exhibited a weak positive relationship (r = 0.200). Overall, algae, diatoms and vegetative material constituted the major portion of stomach contents throughout the study period.

Molecular insights into oxidative stress–induced calcium oxalate urolithiasis and emerging phytotherapeutic target

Sowmya B A — 2026-06-24

A common urological condition called urolithiasis is characterized by development of stones in urinary tract that are primarily made of calcium oxalate. Super saturation, crystal development, nucleation, aggregation, retention in renal tissues are some of the steps in the stone formation process. By causing damage to the renal epithelium and encouraging crystal adhesion, oxidative stress is a major factor in this illness. By this variety of molecular mechanisms, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators further quicken the course of disease. The interest in plant based remedies as substitute treatments has grown. Pharmaceuticals and surgical procedures are current therapeutic approaches; however, they are frequently associated with side effects and recurrence. Therefore, interest in plant-based remedies as substitute treatments has grown. Through their diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, medicinal herbs have antiurolithiatic effects. Furthermore, they increase the composition of urine and lessen the production of crystals. In experiments, a number of herbal remedies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes. Phytopharmacological methods could therefore be safer and more effective ways to treat urolithiasis.

The Impact of Sedentary Lifestyle on Musculoskeletal Disorders

Prathibha Kumari — 2026-06-30

Background: Sedentary lifestyle is a common phenomenon where people sit for longer duration, spend a lot of time in front of screens, work in offices and are involved in less physical activity. These are The main cause of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) e.g. neck pain, lumbar pain, shoulder pain, stiffness of joints, limited mobility etc. Poor posture and decreased flexibility can have negative impacts on muscle strength, flexibility and overall quality of life. Objectives: The present review focuses the effect of sedentary lifestyle on musculoskeletal disorders and to identify the major risk factors, symptoms and health problems associated with long term physical inactivity. Methods: The present study is a review of published research articles on sedentary behavior and musculoskeletal disorders. Data were collected from journals, online databases and previous published studies of office workers, students, esporst players and adults, who sat for long periods of time. Results: Musculoskeletal disorders, especially of the neck, lower back, shoulder and wrist were strongly associated with long sitting duration and sedentary behaviour. Conclusions:Musculoskeletal disorders are strongly associated with sedentary lifestyle. High screen time, poor posture and low physical activity were linked with high pain, stiffness and fatigue and low physical function. The prevention and alleviation of MSDs and the improvement of health and quality of life require regular physical activity, ergonomic correction of posture, stretching exercises and lifestyle modifications.