The Effectiveness of Home-Based Otago Exercise Program Versus Frenkel’s Exercise in Preventing Falls in Elderly Adults
Life Sciences -Physiotherapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22376/ijlpr.2023.13.5.L72-L83Keywords:
Falls, OTAGO, Frenkel’s, timed up & test Fall Efficacy Scale.Abstract
Fall is the major concern for elderly adults, which can lead to chronic disability and dependency level increases.Impaired muscle strength and instability in balance are the most common causes of falls in older adults. This study aims to findthe effectiveness of a home-based Otago exercise program versus Frenkel's exercise in preventing falls in the elderly. In addition,this study aims to compare the efficacy of a home-based Otago exercise program versus Frenkel's exercise for assessing fall riskand fear of falls. This was a comparative study with thirty subjects who perceived fear of falls, or a history of falls takenconsidering the inclusion criteria, where Group A received Otago exercise (strengthening and balance exercises) and Group Breceived Frenkel's exercise (in supine, sitting and standing positions) with 15 subjects in each group. Timed up and go (TUG) forassessing balance and fall efficacy scale (FES) for determining risk and fear of falls were used as outcome measures. The paired 'ttestwas used to compare both groups' pre and post-intervention results, and the independent 't'-test was used to comparegroups. Group A mean TUG score improved from 16.200 to 11.066, FES 74.733 to 67.866 and Group B's mean TUG score was16.000 to 11.733, FES 75.666 to 69.400. It was found that t = -1.711 is insignificant (p=.098 >0.05). Hence, the home-basedOtago exercise program and Frenkel's exercise were equally effective in improving the balance of the patients. Compared tothe risk and fear of falling, home-based Otago exercise was more effective than Frenkel's.
References
Rubenstein LZ. Falls in older people: epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention. Age Ageing. 2006;35;Suppl 2:ii37-41. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afl084, PMID 16926202.
Mittaz Hager AG, Mathieu N, Lenoble-Hoskovec C, Swanenburg J, de Bie R, Hilfiker R. Effects of three home-based exercise programmes regarding falls, quality of life and exercise-adherence in older adults at risk of falling: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12877-018-1021-y, PMID 30642252.
Hopewell S, Adedire O, Copsey BJ, Boniface GJ, Sherrington C, Clemson L et al. Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;7(7):CD012221. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012221.pub2, PMID 30035305.
Moylan KC, Binder EF. Falls in older adults: risk assessment, management and prevention. Am J Med. 2007;120(6):493.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.07.022.
Terroso M, Rosa N, Torres Marques A, Simoes R. Physical consequences of falls in the elderly: a literature review from 1995 to 2010. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2014;11(1):51-9. doi: 10.1007/s11556-013-0134-8.
Shier V, Trieu E, Ganz DA. Implementing exercise programs to prevent falls: systematic descriptive review. Inj Epidemiol. 2016;3(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40621-016-0081-8, PMID 27747553.
Moncada LVV, Mire LG. Preventing falls in older persons. Am Fam Physician. 2017;96(4):240-7. PMID 28925664.
Gillespie LD, Gillespie WJ, Robertson MC, Lamb SE, Cumming RG, Rowe BH. Interventions for preventing falls in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;1:CD000340. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000340.pub2.
Rao SS. Prevention of falls in older patients. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(1):81-8. PMID 16035686.
Asiri F. ALMohiza M.A., Faia Aseeri M. Mehtab Alam M., Ataalla S.M., Alqahtani M. et al. Fall prevention knowledge and practice patterns among home healthcare professionals in southern Saudi Arabia: an observational study. J Int Med Res. 2018;46(12):5062-73. doi: 10.1177/0300060518789816, PMID 30157696.
Alonso AC, Brech GC, Bourquin AM, Greve JM. The influence of lower-limb dominance on postural balance. Sao Paulo Med J. 2011;129(6):410-3. doi: 10.1590/s1516-31802011000600007, PMID 22249797.
Helbostad JL, Sturnieks DL, Menant J, Delbaere K, Lord SR, Pijnappels M. Consequences of the lower extremity and trunk muscle fatigue on balance and functional tasks in older people: A systematic literature review. BMC Geriatr. 2010;10:56. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-10-56, PMID 20716373.
Cinthuja P, Arnold G, Abboud RJ, Wang W. Analysis of the relationships between balance ability and walking in terms of muscle activities and lower limb kinematics and kinetics. Biomechanics;1(2):190-201. doi: 10.3390/biomechanics1020016.
Daubney ME, Culham EG. Lower-extremity muscle force and balance performance in adults aged 65 years and older. Phys Ther. 1999;79(12):1177-85. doi: 10.1093/ptj/79.12.1177, PMID 10630286.
Dr Baruah TS, Goswami P, Singha R, Dutta A. A comparative study on the effectiveness of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises to improve gait in spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Int J Physiother;3(2). doi: 10.15621/ijphy/2016/v3i2/94886.
Ehrari H, Larsen RT, Langberg H, Andersen HB. Effects of Playful Exercise of Older Adults on Balance and Physical Activity: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Population Ageing. 2020;13(2):Ehrari1 et al. doi: 10.1007/s12062-020-09273-8.
Thompson LA, Badache M, Brusamolin JAR, Savadkoohi M, Guise J, de Paiva GV. et al. Investigating relationships between balance confidence and balance ability in older adults. J Aging Res. 2021;2021:3214366. doi: 10.1155/2021/3214366, PMID 34868684.
Ko EJ et al. Frenkel’s exercise on lower limb sensation and balance in subacute ischemic stroke patients with impaired proprioception. Neurol Asia. October 2018;23(3):217-24.
Chiu HL, Yeh TT, Lo YT, Liang PJ, Lee SC. The effects of the Otago Exercise Programme on actual and perceived balance in older adults: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255780. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255780, PMID 34358276.
Evidence profile: risk of falls. WHO/MCA; 17-06-04.
Guirguis-Blake JM, Michael YL, Perdue LA, Coppola EL, Beil TL. Interventions to prevent falls in older adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;319(16):1705-16. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.21962, PMID 29710140.
Indian J Gerontol UGC no. List B. Science-121. 2021;35(4):483-94 ISSN: 0971-4189.
Tsai YJ, Yang PY, Yang YC, Lin MR, Wang YW. Prevalence and risk factors of falls among community-dwelling older people: results from three consecutive waves of the national health interview survey in Taiwan. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):529. doi: 10.1186/s12877-020-01922-z, PMID 33297968.
Otago Exercise Programme to prevent falls in older adults 2007 • ISBN 0–478–25194–7 • Printed • ACC1162.
Tuvemo Johnson ST, Anens E, Johansson AC, Hellström K. The Otago exercise program with or without motivational interviewing for community-dwelling older adults: A 12-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled trial. J Appl Gerontol. 2021;40(3):289-99. doi: 10.1177/0733464820902652, PMID 32114877.
Rathi M et al. Effectiveness of Frenkel’s balance exercises on older adults Indian Journal of Gerontology Year. Volume. 2021;35(4).
Yoo HN, Chung E, Lee BH. The effects of augmented reality-based Otago exercise on balance, gait, and falls efficacy of elderly women. J Phys Ther Sci. 2013;25(7):797-801. doi: 10.1589/jpts.25.797, PMID 24259856.
Fadavi-Ghaffari M, Azad A, Meimandi M, Arani-Kashani Z, Ghorbanpoor H [research paper]. The psychometric properties of falls efficacy scale in the elderly Iranian residents of nursing homes. Iran Rehabil J:197-206. doi: 10.32598/irj.17.3.197.
Reza Vafaeenasab MR, Amiri A, Ali Morowatisharifabad M, Mahdieh Namayande S, Abbaszade Tehrani H. Comparative study of balance exercises (Frenkel) and aerobic exercises (walking) on improving balance in the elderly. EHJ. doi: 10.18502/ehj.v4i2.259.
Kranthi Kumar M et al. Implementation of Otago exercise programme combined Balance exercise: A sustainable way to renovate balance and avert fall risk in Older Community-Dwelling Adults. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther Int J. March 2020;14(1):245-52DOI. doi: 10.5958/0973-5674.2020.00044.1.
Geraedts HAE, Dijkstra H, Zhang W, Ibarra F, Far IK, Zijlstra W et al. Effectiveness of an individually tailored home-based exercise rogramme for pre-frail older adults, driven by a tablet application and mobility monitoring: a pilot study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act. 2021;18(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s11556-021-00264-y, PMID 34154524.
Mańko G, Pieniążek M, Tim S, Jekiełek M. The effect of Frankel’s stabilization exercises and stabilometric platform in the balance in elderly patients: A randomized clinical trial. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55(9). doi: 10.3390/medicina55090583, PMID 31514453.
Ko EJ et al. Frenkel’s exercise on lower limb sensation and balance in subacute ischemic stroke patients with impaired proprioception. Neurol Asia. October 2018;23(3):217-24.
Stefanus Mendes Kiik et al. Effectiveness of Otago exercise on health status and risk of fall among elderly with chronic illness.
Sun FC, Li HC, Wang HH. The effect of group music therapy with physical activities to prevent frailty in older people living in the community. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 August 20;18(16):8791. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168791, PMID 34444540, PMCID PMC8393929.
Lacroix A, Kressig RW, Muehlbauer T, Gschwind YJ, Pfenninger B, Bruegger O. et al. Effects of a Supervised versus an Unsupervised Combined Balance and Strength Training Program on Balance and Muscle Power in Healthy Older Adults: A randomized controlled trial. Gerontology. 2016;62(3):275-88. doi: 10.1159/000442087, PMID 26645282.
Sun FC, Li HC, Wang HH. The effect of group music therapy with physical activities to prevent frailty in older people living in the community. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16):8791. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18168791, PMID 34444540.
Stasi S, Tsekoura M, Gliatis J, Sakellari V. The effects of home-based combined motor control and ergonomic program on functional ability and fear of falling: A randomized controlled trial. Cureus. 2021;13(9):e18330. doi: 10.7759/cureus.18330, PMID 34725593.
Liu-Ambrose T, Davis JC, Best JR, Dian L, Madden K, Cook W et al. Effect of a home-based exercise program on subsequent falls among community-dwelling high-risk older adults after a fall: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019;321(21):2092-100. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.5795, PMID 31162569.
Indian J Gerontol UGC no. List B. Science-121. 2021;35(4):483-94 ISSN: 0971-4189.
Home-based eccentric ex Home-based eccentric exercise program for fall prevention in attention in an older adult – A Case Report Dev Ramanathan dramanathan@arcadia.edu.
Leem SH, Kim JH, Lee BH. Effects of Otago exercise combined with action observation training on balance and gait in the older adults. J Exerc Rehabil. 2019;15(6):848-54. doi: 10.12965/jer.1938720.360, PMID 31938708.
Pillay J, Riva JJ, Tessier LA, Colquhoun H, Lang E, Moore AE et al. Fall prevention interventions for older community-dwelling adults: systematic reviews on benefits, harms, and patient values and preferences. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s13643-020-01572-7, PMID 33422103.
Effects of therapeutic exercises on balance among rural elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dr Pradnya Yashwant Dumore, Dr Shyam Devidas Ganvir. Int J Sci Res (IJSR). 2020-07-05;9(7).
Salzman B. Gait and balance disorders in older adults. Am Fam Physician. 2010;82(1):61-8. PMID 20590073.
Thompson LA, Badache M, Brusamolin JAR, Savadkoohi M, Guise J, de Paiva GV. et al. Investigating relationships between balance confidence and balance ability in older adults. J Aging Res. 2021;2021:3214366. doi: 10.1155/2021/3214366, PMID 34868684.
The effects of home-based Otago exercise program for fall prevention in older adults Ms Nancy N. Patel, Dr Shweta Pachpute. Int JournalofPhysiotherapy. August 2015;2(4)DOI:10.15621/ijphy/2015/v2i4/67743.
Lytras D, Sykaras E, Iakovidis P, Komisopoulos C, Chasapis G, Mouratidou C. Effects of a modified Otago exercise program delivered through outpatient physical therapy to community-dwelling older adult fallers in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic: a controlled, randomized, multicenter trial. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022;13(4):893-906. doi: 10.1007/s41999-022-00656-y, PMID 35606677.
Martins AC, Guia D, Saraiva M, Pereira T. Effects of A ”modified” Otago exercise program on the functional abilities and social participation of older adults living in the community-the AGA@4life model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 February 15;17(4):1258. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041258, PMID 32075307, PMCID PMC7068357.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Abenle Tep, Trishna Saikia Baruah, Mantu Paul, Niharika Dihidar, Abhijit Dutta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.