Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as A Cause of Obesity in Females
Life Sciences-Polycystic Ovary in Obesity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.ijlpr%202022.12.6.SP24.L50-57Keywords:
PPolycystic Ovary Syndrome, Obesity, MetabolismAbstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, that develops in girls and women who are genetically predisposed to its development. PCOS affects between 6%-10% of reproductive- age women. and often develops during adolescence. PCOS manifests with the typical clinical features of hyperandrogenism. Lifestyle interventions are the first- line treatment for PCOS, especially when it is accompanied by obesity. This suggested priority is based on the fact that reduction of central fat ameliorates the PCOS phenotypes, inter alia improved cyclicity and resumption of ovulation. This review focuses on PCOS in Overweight and Obese Women, in development of Obesity and in Adolescents, Diagnostic Criteria in Adolescents, Risk Factor, Insulin Action in PCOS, Glucose Tolerance in PCOS, Epigenetic factors and Novel Management Strategies.
References
Gambineri A, Pelusi C, Vicennati V, Pagotto U, PasqualI R. Obesity and the polycystic ovary syndromeInternational Journal of Obesity volume 26; 2002. p. 883-96.
Jaacks LM, Vandevijvere S, Pan A, McGowan CJ, Wallace C, Imamura F, et al. The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(3):231-40. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30026-9.
Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co- morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):88. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-88.
Saboor Aftab SA, Kumar S, Barber TM. The role of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the development of male obesity-associated secondary hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013;78(3):330-7. doi: 10.1111/cen.12092, PMID 23121123.
Barber TM, Hanson P, Weickert MO, Franks S. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for pathogenesis and novel management strategies. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health. 2019;13:1179558119874042. doi: 10.1177/1179558119874042, PMID 31523137.
Passarello K, Kurian S, Villanueva V. Endometrial cancer: an overview of pathophysiology, management, and care. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2019;35(2):157-65. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2019.02.002, PMID 30867105.
Barber TM, McCarthy MI, Franks S, Wass JA. Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endokrynol Pol. 2007;58(1):34-41. PMID 17354203.
Walley AJ, Blakemore AI, Froguel P. Genetics of obesity and the prediction of risk for health. Hum Mol Genet. 2006;15;Spec No 2(suppl_2): R124- R130. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl215, PMID 16987875.
Barber TM, Franks S. Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Horm Res. 2013;40:28-39. doi: 10.1159/000341682, PMID 24002403.
Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(6):2745-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-032046, PMID 15181052.
Asunción M, Calvo RM, San Millán JL, Sancho J, Avila S, Escobar-Morreale HF. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85(7):2434-8. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.7.6682, PMID 10902790.
Barber TM, McCarthy MI, Wass JA, Franks S. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006;65(2):137-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02587.x, PMID 16886951.
Barber TM, Franks S. Divergences in insulin resistance between the different phenotypes of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2013;8(5):427-9. doi: 10.1586/17446651.2013.827373, PMID 30754190.
Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19(1):41-7. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh098, PMID 14688154.
Guh DP, Zhang W, Bansback N, Amarsi Z, Birmingham CL, Anis AH. The incidence of co- morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):88. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-88.
Sam S. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Obes Manag. 2007;3(2):69-73. doi: 10.1089/obe.2007.0019, PMID 20436797. doi:10.1089/obe.2007.0019].
National Institutes of Health. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults—the evidence report. Obes Res. 1998;6 ((suppl 2)) 51S- 209SPubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref.
Burt Solorzano CM, McCartney CR. Obesity and the pubertal transition in girls and boys. Reproduction. 2010;140(3):399-410. doi: 10.1530/REP-10-0119, PMID 20802107.
Hickey M, Doherty DA, Atkinson H, Sloboda DM, Franks S, Norman RJ, et al. Clinical, ultrasound and biochemical features of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents: implications for diagnosis. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(6):1469-77. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der102, PMID 21478180.
Nair MKC, Pappachan P, Balakrishnan S, Leena ML, George B, Russell PS. Menstrual irregularity and poly cystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls – a 2 year follow-up study. Indian J Pediatr. 2012;79;Suppl 1:S69-73. doi: 10.1007/s12098-011-0432-y, PMID 21769526.
Sir-Petermann T, Codner E, Pérez V, Echiburú B, Maliqueo M, Ladrón de Guevara A, et al. Metabolic and reproductive features before and during puberty in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(6):1923-30. doi: 10.1210/jc.2008-2836, PMID 19223518.
Bruni V, Dei M, Nannini S, Balzi D, Nuvolone D. Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1205:175-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05648.x, PMID 20840270.
Merino PM, Codner E, Cassorla F. A rational approach to the diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome during adolescence. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2011;55(8):590-8. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302011000800013, PMID 22218441.
Hart R, Doherty DA, Norman RJ, Franks S, Dickinson JE, Hickey M, et al. Serum antiMullerian hormone (AMH) levels are elevated in adolescent girls with polycystic ovaries and the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Fertil Steril. 2010;94(3):1118-21. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.11.002, PMID 20060112.
Liu AL et al. Association between fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene Rs9939609 A/T polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Genet. 2017, p. 1;18. doi: 10.1186/s12881- 017-0452-1.
Raisbeck E. Understanding polycystic ovary syndrome. Nurse Prescr. aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=105323111&site=eds-live. 2009;7(9, Sep):390-6. doi: 10.12968/npre.2009.7.9.43998.
Alanbay I, et al. A macrophage activation marker chitotriosidase in women with PCOS: does low-grade chronic inflammation in PCOS relate to PCOS itself or obesity? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;286(4, Oct):1065-71. EBSCOhost. aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=79862133&site=eds-live. doi: 10.1007/s00404-012-2425-0, PMID 22718099.
Kuchenbecker WKH, Groen H, van Asselt SJ, Bolster JHT, Zwerver J, Slart RHJ, et al. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, loss of intra-abdominal fat is associated with resumption of ovulation. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(9):2505-12. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der229, PMID 21771766.
Moran LJ, Noakes M, Clifton PM, Wittert GA, Tomlinson L, Galletly C, et al. Ghrelin and measures of satiety are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome but not differentially affected by diet composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89(7):3337-44. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-031583, PMID 15240612.
Soydinc E, Soydinc S, Arıturk Z, Tekbas E, Cakici M, Islamoglu Y, et al. Increased epicardial fat thickness is related with body mass index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(15):2111-3. EBSCOhost. aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=23884834&site=eds-live, PMID 23884834.
Rojas J, Chávez M, Olivar L, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and obesity: navigating the pathophysiologic labyrinth. Int J Reprod Med. 2014;2014:Article ID 719050, 17. doi: 10.1155/2014/719050, PMID 25763405.
Pasquali R, Gambineri A. Metabolic effects of obesity on reproduction. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006;12(5, May):542-51. doi: 10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61179-0.
McEwen B, Hartmann G. Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Part 1. The impact of insu in resistance. J Aust Trad Med Soc. 2018;24(4, Summer):214-9. EBSCOhost. aspx?direct=true&db=awh&AN=133207977&site=eds-live.
Glueck CJ, Morrison JA, Daniels S, Wang P, Stroop D. Sex hormone-binding globulin, oligomenorrhea, polycystic ovary syndrome, and childhood insulin at age 14 years predict metabolic syndrome and class III obesity at age 24 years. J Pediatr. 2011;159(2):308-13.e2–313. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.01.018, PMID 21362574.
Hickey M, Doherty DA, Atkinson H, Sloboda DM, Franks S, Norman RJ, et al. Clinical, ultrasound and biochemical features of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents: implications for diagnosis. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(6):1469-77. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der102, PMID 21478180.
Barber TM, Hanson P, Weickert MO, Franks S. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: implications for pathogenesis and novel management strategies. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health. 2019;13:1179558119874042. doi: 10.1177/1179558119874042, PMID 31523137. Published online 2019 Sep 9. doi: 10.1177/1179558119874042
Dunaif A. Insulin action in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1999;28:341–359. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:165–169. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Ilie IR, Georgescu CE. Polycystic ovary syndrome-epigenetic mechanisms and aberrant MicroRNA. Adv Clin Chem 2015;71:25–45.
Iorio MV, Piovan C, Croce CM. Interplay between microRNAs and the epigenetic machinery: an intricate network. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010;1799:694–701.
Kuchenbecker WKH, Groen H, van Asselt SJ, Bolster JHT, Zwerver J, Slart RHJ, et al: In women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, loss of intra-abdominal fat is associated with resumption of ovulation. Hum Reprod 2011;26:2505–2512.
Lass N, Kleber M, Winkel K, Wunsch R, Reinehr T: Effect of lifestyle intervention on features of polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and intima-media thickness in obese adolescent girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:3533–3540.
Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:19–25.
Reinehr T, de Sousa G, Roth CL, Andler W: Androgens before and after weight loss in obese children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:5588–5595.
Kuchenbecker WKH, Groen H, van Asselt SJ, Bolster JHT, Zwerver J, Slart RHJ, et al: In women with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, loss of intra-abdominal fat is associated with resumption of ovulation. Hum Reprod 2011;26:2505–2512.
Giallauria F, Palomba S, Vigorito C, Tafuri MG, Colao A, Lombardi G, et al: Androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome: the role of exercise and diet. Semin Reprod Med 2009;27:306– 315.
Holm J-C, Gamborg M, Bille DS, Gr Nb K HN, Ward LC, Faerk J: Chronic care treatment of obese children and adolescents. Int J Pediatr Obes 2011;6:188–196
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Mohammed Aqela M Alazami, Abdulrahman Mohammed K Alruwaili, Majed Fahad K Asharari, Khalid saleh S alsharari

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.