Effect of Increasing Body Mass Index On the Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2
Life Sciences-Biochemistry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2022.12.6.L148-154Keywords:
Body mass index, MMP-2, Obesity, Extracellular Matrix, and Hypertension.Abstract
The Increasing Body Mass Index is one of the major concerns in today's lifestyle, which may give rise to various disorders. Studies have suggested that Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with Obesity and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the serum activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in overweight patients with anthropometric measurements to assess the effect of body mass index in MMP-2 activity. In this Age and sex matched case-control study the participants were selected in 2:1 ratio (219 cases and 108 controls). In this study Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, and other biochemical parameters i.e. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) along with MMP-2 were measured through semi-autoanalyzer and ELISA respectively. There was an increased concentration of FBS in overweight patients compared to the control group, which was statistically significant. In the case of lipid profile, there was an elevated concentration of TC, TG, and LDLC in the overweight population when compared to the control group and the findings were statistically significant, while HDL-C was significantly elevated in the control group compared to the case group. With respect to blood pressure, a significant increase was observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In this study, there was a significant elevation of MMP-2 in the case group compared to the control group, which was positively associated with Body Mass Index. The outcome of this study revealed that increasing body weight might be the root cause of developing several life-threatening risk factors if not considered at initial level. Furthermore, altered concentration of MMP-2 in overweight patients may highlight cardiovascular Risk in these patients.
References
Unal R, Yao-Borengasser A, Varma V, Rasouli N, Labbate C, Kern PA, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in obese subjects and decreases in response to pioglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2993-3001. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2623, PMID 20392866.
González Jiménez E. Obesity: etiologic and pathophysiological analysis. Endocrinol Nutr. 2013 Jan;60(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.endonu.2012.03.006, PMID 22622157.
Venkatrao M, Nagarathna R, Majumdar V, Patil SS, Rathi S, Nagendra H. Prevalence of Obesity in India and its neurological implications: A multifactor analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional study. Ann Neurosci. 2020 Jul;27(3-4):153-61. doi: 10.1177/0972753120987465, PMID 34556954.
Lin X, Li H. Obesity: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Sep 6;12:706978. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706978, PMID 34552557.
Mirica RM, Ionescu M, Mirica A, Ginghina O, Iosifescu R, Rosca a et al., Stefan DAC. The important roles of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathophysiology of Obesity. Rev Chim. 2017 Jul;68(7):1481-4. doi: 10.37358/RC.17.7.5700.
Derosa G, Ferrari I, D’Angelo A, Tinelli C, Salvadeo SA, Ciccarelli L, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −9 levels in obese patients. Endothelium. 2008 Jul-Aug;15(4):219-24. doi: 10.1080/10623320802228815, PMID 18663625.
Boumiza S, Chahed K, Tabka Z, Jacob MP, Norel X, Ozen G. MMPs and TIMPs levels are correlated with anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, and endothelial function in Obesity [sci rep]. Sci Rep. 2021 Oct 8;11(1):20052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99577-2, PMID 34625635.
Chavey C, Mari B, Monthouel MN, Bonnafous S, Anglard P, Van Obberghen E, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases are differentially expressed in adipose tissue during Obesity and modulate adipocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 4;278(14):11888-96. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M209196200, PMID 12529376.
Van Hul M, Lijnen HR. A functional role of gelatinase A in the development of nutritionally induced Obesity in mice. J Thromb Haemost. 2008 Jul;6(7):1198-206. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02988.x, PMID 18433461.
Dofara SG, Chang SL, Diorio C. Association between the polymorphisms in MMP-2 and MMP-9 with adiposity and mammographic features. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2020 Jul;182(1):169-79. doi: 10.1007/s10549-020-05651-0, PMID 32394348.
Miksztowicz V, Siseles N, Fernandez Machulsky N, Schreier L, Berg G. Increase in MMP-2 activity in overweight and obese women is associated with menopausal status. Climacteric. 2012 Dec;15(6):602-6. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2012.667174, PMID 22642972.
Ng CD. Biases in self-reported height and weight measurements and their effects on modeling health outcomes. SSM Popul Health. 2019 May 10;7:100405. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100405, PMID 31193386.
Edwards CH, Aas E, Kinge JM. Body mass index and lifetime healthcare utilization. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019 Oct 15;19(1):696. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4577-0, PMID 31615572.
Krupp K, Adsul P, Wilcox ML, Srinivas V, Frank E, Srinivas A et al. Prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome among rural women in Mysore, India. Indian Heart J. 2020 Nov-Dec;72(6):582-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.09.015, PMID 33357649.
James GD, Gerber LM. Measuring arterial blood pressure in humans: auscultatory and automatic measurement techniques for human biological field studies. Am J Hum Biol. 2018 Jan;30(1). doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23063, PMID 28940503.
Ahmad A, Mysore Srikantiah R, Yadav C, Agarwal A, Ajay Manjrekar P, Hegde A. Cord blood insulin levels: it’s correlation with gender, birth weight and placental weight in term newborns. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2016 Oct;31(4):458-62. doi: 10.1007/s12291-016-0550-4, PMID 27605744.
Chahal J, Gupta S, Chawla SPS, Grewal H. Comparative study on fasting and postprandial lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2021 Mar;10(3):1288-93. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1632_20, PMID 34041167.
Ahmad S, Singh V, Sinha RJ, Srivastava A, Mandhani A. Role of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF as serum biomarker in early prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Afr J Urol. 2018;24:255-63.
Ahirwar R, Mondal PR. Prevalence of Obesity in India: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019 Jan-Feb;13(1):318-21. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.032, PMID 30641719.
DeMarco VG, Aroor AR, Sowers JR. The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with Obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 Jun;10(6):364-76. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.44, PMID 24732974.
Schnurr TM, Jakupović H, Carrasquilla GD, Ängquist L, Grarup N, Sørensen TIA, et al. Obesity, unfavourable lifestyle and genetic Risk of type 2 diabetes: a case-cohort study. Diabetologia. 2020 Jul;63(7):1324-32. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05140-5, PMID 32291466.
Agarwal N, Agarwal M, Kumari T, Kumar S. Correlation between body mass index and blood glucose levels in Jharkhand population. Int J Contemp Res. 2017;4(8):1633-6.
Kotsis V, Stabouli S, Papakatsika S, Rizos Z, Parati G. Mechanisms of obesity-induced hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2010 May;33(5):386-93. doi: 10.1038/hr.2010.9, PMID 20442753.
Yudin R, Aman AM, Rasyid H, Bakri S, Sanusi H, Daud NA, et al. Risk of dyslipidemia in obese young adult subjects as measured by various obesity indices. J Endocrinol Metab. 2022;12(3):102-6. doi: 10.14740/jem819.
Klop B, Elte JW, Cabezas MC. Dyslipidemia in Obesity: mechanisms and potential targets. Nutrients. 2013 Apr 12;5(4):1218-40. doi: 10.3390/nu5041218, PMID 23584084.
Rangnathan S, Krishnan TU, Radha Krishnan S. Comparison of dyslipidemia among the normal- BMI and high-BMI group of people of rural Tamil Naidu. Med J DY Patil Univ. 2015;8:149-52.
Jaoude J, Koh Y. Matrix metalloproteinases in exercise and Obesity. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2016 Jul 14;12:287-95. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S103877, PMID 27471391.
Berg G, Miksztowicz V, Schreier L. Metalloproteinases in metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Sep 18;412(19-20):1731-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.06.013, PMID 21703252.
Caimi G, Canino B, Montana M, Urso C, Calandrino V, Presti RL et al. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, gelatinases, and their inhibitors in a group of adults with Obesity. Horm Metab Res. 2019 Jun;51(6):389-95. doi: 10.1055/a-0887-2770, PMID 31075797.
Belo VA, Lacchini R, Miranda JA, Lanna CM, Souza-Costa DC, Tanus-Santos JE. Increased activity of MMP-2 in hypertensive obese children is associated with hypoadiponectinemia. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Jan;23(1):177-82. doi: 10.1002/oby.20939, PMID 25407352.
Mota F. Salivary and serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. In: Young Obesity. Int J Bio Lab Sci. Vol. 8; 2019. p. 10-21.
Kosmala W, Plaksej R, Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Kuliczkowska-Plaksej J, Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Mazurek W. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and their tissue inhibitors 1 and 2 in premenopausal obese women: relationship to cardiac function. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 May;32(5):763-71. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803794, PMID 18197181.
Aksoyer Sezgin SB, Bayoglu B, Ersoz F, Sarici M, Niyazoglu M, Dirican A, et al. Downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes in obesity patients and their relation with obesity-related phenotypes. Turk J Biochem. 2022;47(4):425-33. doi: 10.1515/tjb-2021-0124.
Belo VA, Souza-Costa DC, Lana CM, Caputo FL, Marcaccini AM, Gerlach RF, et al. Assessment of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in obese children and adolescents. Clin Biochem. 2009 Jul;42(10-11):984-90. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.03.025, PMID 19358835.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Richa Jain, Biswajit Das, Shikha Saxena, Gaurav Gupta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
