Phytochemical Pharmacological and Growth Promoting Study of Endophytic Fungi Rhizopus delemer Isolated from Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet.
Pharmaceutical Science-Biotechnology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2022.12.6.P8-17Keywords:
Endophyte Fungus, Abutilon Indicum, Rhizopus Delemer, GC-MS, HCN and Catalase EnzymeAbstract
Endophytic fungi have been perceived as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Whereas Rhizopus as the endophytic fungi were isolated from the medicinal plant Abutilon indicum (L) sweet under the family Malvaceae found in tropical areas. This work aims to isolate and identify the fungal endophyte Rhizopus sp. from the medicinal plant Abutilon indicum at the molecular level, and the second objective is to test the Plant Growth Promoting activity like Indole Acidic Acid A, Hydrogen cyanide, Phosphate solubility (PO4), Catalase test, and it is the proof for plant endophyte association, lastly to analyse the extract of Rhizopus in phytochemical and pharmacology activity using Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry study. The isolated fungal plant growthpromoting activity like Indole acetic acid production, Phosphate solubility assay, HCN production and Catalase enzyme synthesis was tested. As compared to IAA, PO4 solubility assay, HCN and Catalase synthesis test culture gave positive results. It described endophytic fungal within-hosts that are actively responsible against pathogens and stress tolerance conditions. Isolated fungal culture was able to synthesize catalase enzymes and HCN compounds. Rhizopus can act as a Phyto stimulator, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, increased stress tolerance capacity and also can increase the water availability in the nutrition supply to the host plant. In the qualitative screening test, there are about 12 phytochemicals that showed positive results. It gives the effort of the plant to act as a defensive mechanism against pathogens. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, fungal species were identified: as Rhizopus delemer UICC 26. Accession no: LC514308. It is an unfamiliar mutant strain. Further GC-MS analysis revealed that the Identification of 20 bioactive compounds in the ethanolic extract of fungus Rhizopus delemer was Butane, 1,1-diethoxy-2-methyl-. 3,3-diethoxy-2-butanone. identified. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on a Database in the National Institute of Standard Technology. The compound's retention time, peak area, molecular weight and molecular formula were matched with WILEY and NIST Library. It could be concluded that the isolated endophytic fungus Rhizopus delemer UICC 26 extract was prominent endophytic fungi in Abutilon indicum plant and also it enhances the plant growth-promoting activity. It was confirmed by the positive results of HCN and Catalase production test. In 12 different phytochemical compounds, and among 20 bioactive agent’s presence 9 shown our fungi has active form inside of plant part against the pathogen.
References
Rashmi M, Kushveer JS, Sarma VV. A world wide list of endophytic fungi with notes on ecology and diversity. Mycosphere. 2019;10(1):798-1079. doi: 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/19.
Min Jia, Ling C, Xin H-L, Zheng CJ, Rahman K, Han T et al. A friendly relationship between endophytic fungi and medicinal.
Plants A. Systematic review. Front Microbiol. 2016;7(106):1-14.
Faisal MP, Prasad L. A potential source of methyl-eugenol from secondary metabolite of Rhizopus oryzae 6975. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol. 2016;7(4):187-92.
Partida LP, Martinez l, Monajembashi S, Greulich KO, Hertweck C. Endosymbiont dependent Host Reproduction Maintains Bacterial-Fungal Mutualism. Curr Biol. 2007;17:773-7.
Partida-Martinez LP, Hertweck C. Pathogenic fungus harbours endosymbiotic bacteria for toxin production. Nature. 2005;437(7060):884-8. doi: 10.1038/nature03997, PMID 16208371.
Iwasaki S, Kobayashi H, Furukawa J, Namikoshi M, Okuda S, Sato Z et al. Studies on macrocyclic lactone antibiotics VII structure of A phytotoxin ”rhizoxin”. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1984;37(4):354-62. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.37.354, PMID 6547134.
Artursson V, Finlay RD, Jansson JK. Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria and their potential for stimulating plant growth. Environ Microbiol. 2006;8(1):1-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00942.x, PMID 16343316.
Iwasaki S, Namikoshi M, Kobayashi H, Furukawa J, Okuda S, Itai A et al. Studies on macrocyclic lactone antibiotics VIII absolute structures of rhizoxin and A related compound. J Antibiot. 1986;39(3):424-9. doi: 10.7164/antibiotics.39.424.
Lackner G, Moebius N, Partida-Martinez L, Hertweck C. Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia rhizoxinica an Endosymbiont of Rhizopus microspores. J Bacteriol. 2011;193(3):783-4. doi: 10.1128/JB.01318-10, PMID 21131495.
Coenye T, Vandamme P. Diversity and significance of Burkholderia species occupying diverse ecological niches. Environ Microbiol. 2003;5(9):719-29. doi: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00471.x, PMID 12919407.
Sandhu SS, Gupta D. Role of endophytic fungi in preservation of plant biodiversity. Int J Adv Pharm Biol Chem. 2017;4(3):636-47.
Devakumar DU, Mohan C. J, and Agarwal. Antifungal activity of aroma chemicals against Seedborne fungi. J Essent Oil Res. 2004;16(5):496-9.
Sudhakar P, Latha P, Sreenivasulu Y, Reddy BV, Hemalatha TM, Balakrishna M et al. Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus colonization and aflatoxin (AfB1) in peanut by methyleugenol. Indian J Exp Biol. 2009;47(1):63-7. PMID 19317354.
Sobia Nisa l, Khan Nimra, Sabir WSM, Khan W, Bib Y, Jahangir M. Irshad ul Haq1 Sadia Alam1, Abdul Qayyum. Identifcation and Bioactivities of two endophytic Fungi Fusarium fujikuroi and Aspergillus tubingensis from Foliar Parts of Debregeasia salicifolia. Arab J Sci Eng. 2020.
Chamkhi I, Sbabou L, Aurag J. Endophytic fungi isolated from Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Pharmacogn J. 2018;10(6):1143-8. doi: 10.5530/pj.2018.6.195.
Zhao. J, Zhou1 L, Wang J Shan1, T Zhong1, L Liu1;X and X Gao. Endophytic Fungi for Producing Bioactive Compounds Originally From Their Host Plants. Current Research Technology and Education Tropics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology. 2010; 567-576.
Mishra VK, Passari AK, Chandra P, Leo VV, Kumar B, Uthandi S et al. Determination and production of antimicrobial compounds by Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31, an endophytic fungus from Mirabilis jalapa L. using UPLC-ESIMS/MS and TD-GC-MS analysis. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(10):01-24. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186234.
Faisal Peeran MF, Prasad L, Kamil D. Characterization of secondary metabolites from Rhizopus oryzae and its effect on plant pathogens. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2018;7(3):705-10. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.082.
Kaur N, Arora DS, Kalia N, Kaur M. Bioactive potential of endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum and GC–MS analysis of its responsible components. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18792. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75722-1, PMID 33139805.
Matthew KM. Rapinet herbarium. The flora of the Tamil Nadu Carnatic/ K.M. Matthew. National Library of Australia. p. 689-1284.
Carbungco ES, Pedroche NB, Pane VA, De la Cruz TE. Identification and characterization of endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of Moringa oleifera.
Anear I, qadir hM, Asif H. Medhmood Amjod Iqbal Muhamed Hamayun and Nameem khan. Thermal Stress Alleviating Potential of endophytic Fungus Rhizopus oryzae Inoculated to Sunflower (Helianthus anuas L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.). Pak J Bot. 2020;52(2):1857-65.
Reddy Basava SP, Ambati S, Jithendra K, P.Sreenivasulu Reddy NP, Mannepuli CK. Efficacy of iodine-glycerol versus lactophenol cotton blue for Identification of Fungal Elements in the Clinical Laboratory. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2016;5(11):536-41. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2016.511.063.
Mahobiya D, Gupta AK. Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with some medicinal herbs and shrubs. Kavaka. 2017;49:38-44. Nandini D. chachad devangi. Isolation and identification of foliar endophytic Fungi from Hibiscus rosa sinenesis.
Tamilvannanan MV, Ravikumar S, Murugan T. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi Rhizopus delemer fungi from Memecylone umbellatum in Gudiyum forest, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Sci Res Rev. 2018;7(4):948-55.
Devi NN, Singh MS. GC-MS Analysis of Metabolites from endophytic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus Nees. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2013;23(2):392-5.
Singh T, Jyoti Kumari, Patnaik A, Singh A, Chauhan R, Chandel SS. Biosynthesis characterization and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using an endophytic fungal supernatant of Raphanus sativus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2017;15(1):31-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2017.04.005, PMID 30647639.
Jain A, Aachal Jain V, Kupta AD. Isolation characterization and application of endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal Plants. Int Res J Nat Appl Sci. 2017;4(8):04-20.
Widawati sri and Sulasih Sulasih. Screening of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to promote growth of soybean. J Biol Res. 2018;24:28-36.
Zheng RY, Chen GQ, Huang H, Liu X-Y. A monograph of Rhizopus. p. 273-372.
Ramette A, Frapolli M, Défago G, Moënne-Loccoz Y. Phylogeny of HCN synthase-encoding hcnBC genes in biocontrol fluorescent pseudomonads and its relationship with host plant species and HCN synthesis ability. Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2003;16(6):525-35. doi: 10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.6.525, PMID 12795378.
Tsegaye Z, Gizaw B. GenENE Tefera, Adey Feleke, Solomon Chaniyalew, Tesfaye Alemu and Fasil Assefa. Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Plant Growth Promoting (PGP) Bacteria Colonizing the rhizosphere of Tef Crop during the Seedling stage. Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology. 2019; 013-27.
Vessey JK. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil. 2003;255(2):571-86. doi: 10.1023/A:1026037216893.
Ref. Available from: https://goo.gl/CCCajt.
Rijavec T, Lapanje A. Hydrogen cyanidein the Rhizophere: not Suppressing Plant Pathogens but Rather Rregulating Availability of phosphate. Front Microbiol. 2016;7(1785):1-14.
Prasad MR, Sagar BV, Devi GU, Triveni S, Rao SRK, Chari KD. Isolation and screening of bacterial and fungal isolates for plant growth promoting properties from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017;6(8):753-61. doi: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.096.
Shinkaf SA, Gobir MA. Isolation and Identifcation of rhizosphere Mycoflora of Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato). Adv Plants Agric Res. 2018;8(6):512-5.
Nadège A, Agbodjato PA, Noumavo, Baba-Moussa F, Hafiz A, Salami HS et al. Research article characterization of potential plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from maize (Zea mays L.) in central and Northern Benin (West Africa). Appl Environ Soil Sci. 2015:1-09.
Haas D, Défago G. Biological Control of Soil-Borne Pathogens by Fuorescent pseudomonads. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005;3(4):307-19. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1129, PMID 15759041.
Kremer RJ, Souissi T. Cyanide Production by rhizobacteria and Potential for Suppression of Weed Seedling Growth. Curr Microbiol. 2001;43(3):182-6. doi: 10.1007/s002840010284, PMID 11400067.
Devi R, Thakur R. Screening and identification of bacteria for plant growth promoting traits from termite mound Soil. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018;7(2):1681-6.
Biochemical tests for the identification of aerobic bacteria. Clinical microbiology procedures handbook; 2005.
Widawati SS, Sulasih. Screening of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to promote growth of soybean. J Biol Res. 2018;24:28-36.
Pędziwiatr P, Mikołajczyk F, Zawadzki D, Mikołajczyk K, Bedka A. Decomposition of hydrogen Perodixe – kinetics and review of chosen catalysts. Acta Innov. 2018:45-52.
Flint A, Sun YQ, Stintzi A. Cj1386 is an ankyrin-containing protein involved in heme trafficking to catalase in Campylobacter jejuni. J Bacteriol. 2012;194(2):334-45. doi: 10.1128/JB.05740-11, PMID 22081390.
Kaushal J, Mehandia S, Singh G, Raina A, Arya SK. Catalase enzyme: application in bioremediation and food industry. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2018;16:192-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.035.
Petrova VY, Rasheva TV, Kujumdzieva AV. Catalase enzyme in mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EJB Electron J Biotechnol:29-41.
Bhardwaj A, Sharma D, Jadon N, Agarawal PK. Antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of endophytic fungi isolated from spikes of Pinus roxburghii. Arch Clin Microbiol. 2016;6.
Palani S, Raja S, Kumar RP, Selvaraj R, Kumar BS. Evaluation of phytoconstituents and anti-nephrotoxic and antioxidant activities of Monochoria vaginalis. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2011;24(3):293-301. PMID 21715262.
Vats S, Gupta T. Evaluation of bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. from Rajasthan India. Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2017;23(1):239-48. doi: 10.1007/s12298-016-0407-6, PMID 28250599.
Sudha, Balasundaram A. Determination of bioactive components in the methanolic extract of Padina Pavonica using GC-MS technique. World J Pharm Res. 2018;7(12):991-7.
Chansiw N, Chotinantakul K, Srichairatanakool S. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the extracts from leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum Lour. Antiinflamm Antiallergy. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 2019;18(1):45-54. doi: 10.2174/1871523017666181109144548, PMID 30411695.
Kang Xiongwu, Chen S. Electronic conductivity of alkyne-capped ruthenium nanoparticles. Nanoscale. 2012;4(14):4183-9. doi: 10.1039/c2nr30213f, PMID 22441806.
Goyal S. Silanes: chemistry and applications. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2006;6(1):14-8. doi: 10.4103/0972-4052.25876.
Shields CW, White JP, Osta EG, Patel J, Rajkumar S, Kirby N et al. Encapsulation and controlled release of retinol from silicone particles for topical delivery. J Control Release. 2018;278:37-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.023, PMID 29604311.
Li Z, Qian S, Pu S. Study on chemical constituents from Cicuta virosa var. latisecta. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009;34(6):705-7. PMID 19624009.
Gannimani R, Walvekar P, Naidu VR, Aminabhavi TM, Govender T. Acetal containing polymers as pH-responsive nano-drug delivery systems. J Control Release. 2020;328:736-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.044, PMID 32980419.
Han Sunghwa, Park K-K, Chung W-Y, Lee SK, Kim J, Hwang J-K. Anti-photoaging Effects of 2-methoxy-5-(2-methyl propyl) pyrazine Isolated from Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). Food Sci Biotechnol. 2010;19(6):1667-71. doi: 10.1007/s10068-010-0236-2.
Ahmed AA, Guma AN'a, Mahdi Abd elmageed Mohammed, Hatim MY hamadnalla. Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers in the roots of plant family Malvaceae in south Kordofan, Blue Nile and Khartoum states- Sudan. Open access. J Chem;201; 3(3):16-21.
Cubo L, Quiroga AG, Zhang J, Thomas DS, Carnero A, Navarro-Ranninger C et al. Influence of amine ligands on the Aquation and cytotoxicity of trans-diamine platinum (II). Dalton Trans. 2009;(18):3457-66. doi: 10.1039/b819301k, PMID 19381408.
Jiang R, Zong G, Liang X, Jin S, Zhang J, Wang D. Practical Preparation of 2-azido-2-deoxy-beta-D-mannopyranosyl carbonates and Their Application in the Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Molecules. 2014;9(5):6683-93.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Deepalakshmi Durairaj, Joseph Sebastin Raj
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
